Gesell’s Concept of Maturation Essay

AbstractThe fantasy of ontogenesis presented by Arnold Gesell is central to developmental psychology. He said that sisters ingathering or development is influenced by the environment and the action of the genes. He excessively indicated that the childs development occurred in a fixed order through a series of stages. He opposed any instructional efforts on placing a child ahead of schedule when the time is right, the child go out just now begin to master the task through his/her receive inner urges. dickens major criticisms to his concept are besides presented in this paper.Gesells Concept of MaturationIntroductionPivirtuosoered by the American psychologist Arnold Gesell (1880-1961), the concept of maturation, which is central to developmental psychology, stresses the role of nature in human development (Gale Group, 2001.)The purpose of this paper is to take a shade at the major concepts of Gesells concept of maturation and to present and discuss devil criticisms of his concepts.Gesells Concept of MaturationGesell said that the childs growth or development is influenced by twain major forces The environment and the action of the genes. Gesell called this process maturation (Crain, 2005).He detect that a childs development occurred in a fixed order through a series of stages. This is an outstanding feature in maturational development. (Gale Group, 2001).By observing how an embryo adhered to a specific order in its admit development, Gesell proposed that a child post natal neuromotor development also followed a strict specific order (Crain, 2005).His concept of maturation allowed him to chew the fat that just like a baby learns to run by showtime sitting, then standing, then walking, the principles of maturation also maintain a value of development that is controlled by internal genetic mechanisms (Crain, 2005). And the forces of socialization that are so important in the growing and developing of a child have a positive and direct effect only if they are in tune with the inner maturational principles. Therefore, he opposed any instructional efforts on placing achild ahead of schedule when the time is right, the child will simply begin to master the task through his/her own inner urges. Until then, teaching will be of little value and will only create tension between the child and the caregiver (Crain, 2005).As an evidence of his concept of maturation, Gesell and Thompson conducted a study with gibes. One twin was instruct on activities such as stair-climbing and the grasping and manipulation of cubes. The twin that was adroit showed some superior skill when compared with the untrained twin. precisely the untrained twin soon caught up, with much less practice, and at the age that he was mantic to perform those activities. Then, there is a timetable that determines the childs readiness to do things and the benefits or primaeval training and teaching are relatively temporary (Crain, 2005).Discussion of Criticisms on Gesells concept of maturationThe interplay of nature and nurtureThe interplay role of nature and nurture, rather than the importance of one over the former(a), has gained a greater emphasis in the work of more than recent figures, such as psychologist Jean Piaget, whose theory of cognitive developmentin children has been a model for much subsequent work in the field. Going beyond simplistic dichotomies, scientists have been able to gather substantial amounts of specific selective information on the effects of heredity and environment through family, twin, and adoption studies. received concepts of maturation focus on models in which each stage of a developmental process is defined not only by nescient characteristics but also by increased receptivity (or readiness) toward certain(prenominal) environmental factors. (Gale Group, 2001.)Age normsOne of the most frequently cited criticisms of Gesells concept of maturation has to do with his fashion of presenting age norms. He implies too much uniformity and gives no judgement on how much variation can be expected at any given age. His norms were based on middle-class children in a university setting and may not apply perfectly in other cultural contexts (Crain, 2005).ConclusionGesells concept of maturation is fundamental for the study of human development, since it considers two significant factors Genes and environment. The specific order in which things happens is essential to hisconcept of maturation. But two major criticisms can be presented about Gesells concept of maturation The role of nurture and nature, and the age norms he used for his studies and observations.ReferencesCrain, William (2005). Theories of Development, Concepts and Applications. New island of Jersey Pearson Prentice Hall.Gale Group, 2001.Gale Encyclopedia of Psychology, 2nd ed.http//findarticles.com/

Methodology (guide 1000) †Research Design Essay

The current study employs a descriptive-comparative design, with nutrition knowledge, lifestyles, and health behaviours being compared. The scores of the two groups ( chemical formula load and obese groups) were analyzed using the Chi-square to descend if they had a relationship with being obese. Tthe study is descriptive in temper as frequencies, means, and frequency distributions were computed to describe the smacks used in the study. Samples and Sampling aim Hong Kong residents between 18 to 40 years old is the population for this investigate study.Since the total population for the subject field is very large, due to time limitations a sample size of 60 was taken for the survey, with 30 allotted to the normal weight unit group and the rest to the obese sample. Purposive sampling method acting is adopted for this look into. The selection of employees for the experimental group was made on the tail end of their partnership in the stress management workshop. To ensure the effectiveness of the study, employees belong to all levels of management, service time, sex groups and age are selected to participate in the survey.There shall be two samples used in the study, namely, 1) normal weight group and 2) the obese group. Both groups shall be chosen using purposive sampling. Purposive sampling is a popular look for recruiting method, as the sample size does not have to be determined at the ascendant of the project. It is also an advantage for this study, as the sample size entrust be constrained by time and available resources (Mack, Woodsong, MacQueen, Guest & Namey, 2005). This study volition make use of purposive sample to select respondents.This was based on respondents get outingness to participate and being available during the achievement to complete the surveys. Informed hold need to be taken into consideration at the start of any(prenominal) research project. Consend is about participants making a reasonable excerpt to take part in the study, and, as such, their aspirations need to fit with the goals of the research (Mason, 1997). The detective will ensure that the participants were fully sensible. In addition the investigator discussed the potential try for form with their supervisor and colleagues.This will highlight to the researcher potential ambiguities in meaning, confusing sentences and missing information that are likely to invalidate the measures (Patton, 2000). Informed consent requires the awareness of the researcher that betrothal is drug-addicted on an individuals understanding of the goals of the study, and what is expected of the participant. Informed consent will ensure respect for the dignity of the participant (Mack et al. , 2005). Coercion into participation will be avoided at all costs, as the study requires that participation be voluntary (Mack et al, 2005).Thus, informed consent was to ensure the well being of participants as its priority. Additionally, participants would be made a ware that their responses would directly contribute to a sharing of knowledge on nutrition knowledge, lifestyles, and health behaviours among Hong Kong residents. In addition, respondents will be reassured that the data collected would be kept confidential. No incentives will be provided for participation in this study. Results collected from the terminal analyses will be made available to respondents on request.Procedure The respondents who are clean for participation were contacted to ask for their permission in participating in the study. They were sent formal letters or emails indicating this purpose. Calls were made to these individuals to confirm their willingness to participate in the study. This study is meant to research on nutrition knowledge, lifestyles, and health behaviours of normal weight and obese individuals in Hong Kong. The primary source of data is the responses to a questionnaire (see adjunct A).A preliminary study is done on the responses collected from 5 re spondents. The questionnaire was then altered based on their suggestions. During pilot testing, wording of virtually questions is improved to make it more understandable to the respondents. Some questions were eliminated from the questionnaire and new questions were added on the basis of the respondents comments. The process was repeated once again to arrive at the final questionnaire to be used on the sample. The data collection period occured over a period of 15 days.The research hypotheses were not divulged quite an respondents were only informed that the study aims to determine differences in nutritional knowledge, lifestyles, and health behaviours between normal weight and obese individuals, and so contribute to research on this topic. It is anticipated that respondents are less likely to guess the hypotheses, and so less likely to exhibit socially desirable responses in lay to please the investigator. Respondents were called to administer the survey via telephone.Each respo ndent was told that the completion of the survey will take about 10 minutes and they were asked to email a signed consent form if he is amenable to the terms of participation. In all cases, consent forms were printed and stored separately to consent forms, and each questionnaire booklet was place only with a respondent number. On completion of the study, respondents were thanked, and were briefly informed of the studys hypotheses. Respondents were also informed that the results of the study will be made available to them on request following submission of the final thesis.ReferencesAdamson, A.J.,Rugg-Gunn, A.J.,Butler, T.J.,& Appleton, D.R. (1996). The contribution of foods from outside the home to the nutrient intake of young adolescents. journal of Human nutrition and Dietetics, 9(1), 55-68Department of Health, Hong Kong. (2006). Obesity. Retrieved on October 20, 2006 from http//www.dh.gov.hk/english/main/main_chp/surveil_pr_dig_kncd_obesity.html.

Twitter Swot Analysis

peep, a website provides online social network and microblog services, is gradually seeping through and through and through and through into every area of life. It was listed as the most important invention in cc9. The same with Facebook who as well as provide online social network service, to a greater extent(prenominal) and much than(prenominal)(prenominal) sight are feeling rely on peep, and could not pop rid of it. On twitter, we send a real-time mail which is also known as tweets to millions of people a bend the world within one hundred forty characters.As social functionrs, we could care our latest bleaks and musical themes to the fol cast downs through website interface, SMS from cell phones and busy device apps mean part, we also can get the instant information almost what is happening among the side by side(p)s, the country and the world. On the technology aspect, chitter has al moods base on open source software from the back-end to the front-end. Nowada ys, chirp has became the top ten most visited websites. Before it was known as twitter, its founders named it Twttr.Twttrs idea came from Dorsey, one of the cofounders, who expressed to enable workoutrs carrying standard cellular phones to update gauzy groups of people on their current situation by pressing a few unless tons and tapping out inwardness. At the spring of 2006, Dorsey sent the firsttweet, and then, launched Twttr through the turmoil of headcount trimming in the same year unneurotic with the cofounders, Williams and Stone. Twttr became twitter in 2007. We could feel the name as the buzzing of the SMS centre alters and chips from birds.In this year, twitter began to hit the market and its drug users kept developing in the contiguous several long time contri neverthelessed from its word-of-mouth promotion. During its growth, the community continued to get estimate detonating device invents. A spate of hulky companies were interested in cheep as they thought chirrup has audiences in hands which would be lucrative. However, by 2011, the comp whatsoever dumb had problems which may bring risks in the future. According to the paper, the comp any(prenominal) had four issues 1. The company was still on the track to seek prots.It was resolve that the company would be rasetually pressured by the inventors as they wide-rangingly pass on on venture invention to support the company. Mean fleck, their application was totally bring out for use, in this suit of c atomic reactorhes, advertising was almost the solely tool to gain receiptss. 2. The problem model and outline remain opaque. As mentioned by Ray Valde, peep was in a dilemma that they need a robust revenue enhancement model, while had to diminish comprehend value which has a lot of potential value. 3. Did not commercially exploit its large and rapidly growing user base.As a kind of social media company, who has the audience, who will make money. substance abuser was th e key featureor that will determine twitters fate. 4. The current change in the top management team. The turmoil began at the start-up configuration and even had not terminated by 2011. This may become mines for the company. This case write-up will state Twitters business sector problems in detail, and use SWOT abbreviation to make the companys situation more clarified. Then, raise solutions and suggestions for the company.2. Strategic analysis of problem SWOT analysisWeaknessesVery popular and congenial by a largenumber of users Creatively changed the way of pass along Greater access to capitalInternal organizational turbulence Did not exploit the user base Unclear business strategy and no unfaltering revenue modelOpportunitiesThreatsDominant position in social media industry Competitors started to emerge A ton of public Suffer from abandonment of users A more technologically appreciation plantformStrengthsVery popular and acceptable by a large number of users wherefore people would like to use twitter? I will plant some factors according to this case easy use free use allow users to send and receive messages to a mailing list of recipients in real-time break down than online chat bullnecked brand loyalty could run for on different devices, especially mobile devices Thanks to these proceedss, Twitter got 200 million users by March 2011.Although it was far from Facebooks users, the number was still amazing and at the leading position among social network websites. The more visitors, the more the site is worth. Just account for the derive of users, we could estimate that the website of Twitter will be extremely valuable.Creatively changed the policy of messagingIt is hard to say Twitter has a big invention on technology aspect, and to a large extent, it brought about by recon?guring existing technology. However, we cannot deny it is a big transformation and has changed the policy of messaging. Twitter was built on existing technologies l ike SMS (short message service), IM (instant messaging), and RSS (really simple syndication), then, combined them in a unique way. It is one-to-one necktie when we are using SMS and IM.Now, it is one-to-many association which facing to the public, when we are using Twitter. On Twitter, we send 140 characters instant micro-blog, use to mention or rematch different users, use to post together the same topics. All these creations changed the way people communicate. Greater access to capital Twitter had attracted plenty of capital since its establishment. For a young company, suf?cient fund and patient inventors could allow them a more space to develop and complete their big idea.Weaknesses Internal organizational turbulenceTwitters internal contradiction emerged at the initial phase. When Odeos team launched Twttr Beta, sextette employees terminated contracts. Moreover, among the four cofounders (Dorsey, Glass, Williams, Stone), Dorsey and Williams had even acted as CEO besides both(prenominal) of them quitted. And the name of Glass was seldom raised in Twitters history. The establishment of Twitter extremely require collaboration, however, people in the macrocosm team have different expectations. Inventors may lose con?dence in them.Did not exploit the user base In spite of the fact that Twitters success rides on the user base. However, according to the paper, Twitter did not commercially exploit it. Or we can say Twitter had no extra energy to do it. The top managers concentrated on how to make their produce more advanced and how to attract inventions. They did not reveal the user base was the valuable source for them. Actually, they owned the large meat of users and easier than an otherwise(a)(prenominal)wise companies to conduct a survey on them.Unclear business strategy and no solid revenue modelTwitter has been trying to be different from other closest companies and exploiting which path was likely to take from the beginning. However, the pat h depended on how the ?rm perceived and de?ned itself. They just claim their blueprint for making the company as large an impact as possible instead of setting speci?c business strategy.Whats more, Twitter still had not built a solid revenue model even through their revenue kept attach from 2009. As it stands, the companys revenue was for the most part relay on advertising and the last was from data licensing. By comparison, Twitter had the similar ad model as Facebook, but facebook was trying to get rid of dependent on ad while Twitter was not able to do it at present.Opportunities Dominant position in social media industryAlthough the amount of users was lower than Facebook, Twitter still own the large amount of audiences. It was not the ?rst public mover in this industry, but the ?rm acted quickly and was already far beyond other similar social media companies. Contributed by its dominant position, more and more people would like to choose Twitter based on the number of other users of this chopine, and inventors would focus on the ?rm, then invent on it as they reckon the one who owned the audiences would be valuable. A tongue of publicBecause of Twitter has the advantage of timeliness, it became a tool to bring on news. In 2008, it played as a key tool in the U. S presidential campaign and the attacks in Mumbai, India. From then on, Twitter became an important role in politics. People became more and more believe the platform as they can use it to publish their opinion to the public. It was helpful to strong its social position and brand impact. A more technologically savvy platform As Stone said, Twitter was most likely a information company. In recent years, this platform value which was derived from information-sharing has reached the peak. Twitter has owned two advantages a large user base and information-sharing platform. These resources could be used to improve revenue. There was no separate savvy platform than Twitter to help companies promot e services and products with h senile in budgets. This project was known as promoted tweets, launched in 2010. When followers log in Twitter, promoted tweets will appear at the top of the timeline, then advertisers will even out when a user engages.Threats Competitors started to emergeAs the industry was lucrative, some companies had started to emerge and attempted to share the cake. Now, it was not just Twitter provided free services, some large and private-enterprise(a) companies like Friendfeed, Identi. ca, Present. ly, and Google were looking at the market. These competitors were not just copy Twitter but offering some new functions that Twitter did not have. If Twitter expose improving their applications, it may be eliminated in the competition.Suffer from abandonment of usersOnce your friends odd the social network platform, more and more connected users may bury it. Then, this website will face catastrophe. Now, Twitter was facing the troublealthough they had attracted a lot of users, the abandonment rate up to 40 per cent yet. On contrast, further 7 per cent Facebook users said they may never use Facebook. And Twitters active users were far below than Facebook. One data analysis showed that in Jun-10, only 12 millions U. S Twitter active users while the number was 137 millions for Facebook.3. Solutions and recommendationsConclusion about TwitterTwitter entered the market at a right time, and grabbed the larger resource in the industry. It was a big Internet Innovation and changed the way people communicate. However, it was true that Twitter did not do as sincere as other similar companies like Google, yahoo, and facebook. For example, in 2009, Google earned more than $18 from unique visitor, Facebook earned about $3, but Twitter only got lower than $1. They were still facing challenges and on the way to exploit the scoop out path.The challenges which were brought by competitors expanding The denying and on passing play innovation of Internet will never stop in this age, and its sustainable innovation has brought about a new round of reform of the marketing mode. Twitter cannot just stay stuck in its old mode. In this industry, stagnate means decline. The firstchallenge was from the companies who imitated Twitter while developed more functions. However, these competitors had precisely pushed forward Twitter and proved microblog had the aglitter(predicate) prospects for development. To deal with them,Twitter had better to enhance its brand loyalty, and form its own spirit competitiveness. Users would like to choose the one who dominated the industry because they were easy to be impacted by conformity. Moreover, Twitter should be sure to avoid following others, developing the functions what others have. They should keep creating new ideas and act quicker than competitors. Even through competitors function was more advanced than Twitter, it did not mean it was an appropriate product for Twitter. Another challenge was fro m large companies like Facebook and Google.These companies also wanted to do everything and dominate the industry. They were similar as Twitter, owned a large amount of users, but did not do microblog. Twitter was not safe even though it did the best in microblog. These services were another form of social media that also may grab Twitters market. Twitter of necessity not only to improve its model to attract more users, but also continue digging potential value in other area to expand the ?rm. Exploit more sources of revenue Twitter cannot largely rely on venture capital invention and advertising any more.It needs to ?nd out another way to obtain fund. The ?rst woof was to imitate Google and Apple, provide more services and develop more products to increase revenue. Another option was to imitate Facebook, launch initial offering. Or it can do both. I think launch IPO will be better because Twitter did not have the technology support as strong as Google and Apple. And Twitters reven ue model was already undecipherable now, if it provides more products, the model may become more confused. Whats more, IPO is a better choice for long term development.Increase the R&D activities It is not only the revenue model needs R&D, but also the new application innovation needs R&D. When going to Twitter. com, we will basically see the same thing that the company did years ago. They did not keep working on anything that cool. Meanwhile, they did not reveal any details about the R&D plan and result. Conducting R&D could help Twitter to improve their products and services, which was necessary for a technology company. Twitter website was built on open source software. It was helpfulto develop new applications. Furthermore, in order to keep an eagle eye on the competitors and customers, R&D should not be ignored by Twitter.Promote overseas marketIt was clear that Twitter owned a large number of overseas users, but had not gure out an effect prot in other countries. Promote the tweets won a big market in the U.S, similarly, the unlike market had a large prot that could be exploited. unless it will be a big project that need marketing research and detailed plan before they decide to move in a foreign market.

Meanings of Intelligence and Adaptive Behavior Essay

Until several years ago, many students who were classified as having ID or assigned into an inclusion classroom were non expected to insert in streamerized testing, however as late, everyone in public schools is expected to participate in standardized perspicacitys. few educators be happy with the change season others are concerned the assessments are not an accurate assessment of what students real know. For many students with knowledge disabilities, standardized assessments often dont accurately indicate what the student truly knows and where they wee-wee deficits. mavin business with assessing students with ID is the appellation and sorting of ID is that they differ greatly between c each forths and is often in uniform. According to Kortez, students with particular proposition learning disabilities are served low the IDEA, however we use the word classification when referring to the category of and indentified students specialised disability or disabilities (Kortez ).The study problem that arises is the fact that realization is being highly inconsistent which is facelift the concern students being mislabeled. It seems as though some educators are both over identifying or under indentifying students. til now, this is not just a problem on the educators level it is also showing up on the state level. It seems as though when the combined across the nation, identification is inconsistent. More than half of all students being served are doing so under the IDEA part B umbrella, students with specific disabilities, while the number of students accepted as learning disabled ranges from 3% to 9% across the join States (Kortez). According to Kortez, not all states implement the same policies, guidelines, or criteria, indeed some states have a signifi privyt higher or lower berth number of students identified based on what they as a state deem legitimate. Because there is such a difference in policies, it is wherefore knotty to determine an adequate way to assess students with disabilities.Inclusion inescapably to be implemented in a way that will not only boost the quality of performance generated by the assessment still also the constructive outcome of the education being provided. The difficulty consequently lies in being able to implement a sound assessment because of the significant essential factors. One factor that would have to be primed(p) is how many special education students would qualify as ineligible to have-to doe with in the regular education assessments. Another factor that would be puzzle out would be how the regular education assessment could be enhanced to give suit the necessitate of the special education students. Also, the decision would have to be made to determine the criteria for students who would qualify for accommodations and which accommodations would be appropriate. In order for all these decisions to be made, it is essential for all the characteristics as substantially as the ne eds of the indentified students be met, and it is almost impossible if the identification and classification of the students continue to be inconsistent.Another problem with assessing indentified students is the fact of accommodations. When a test is given to a student with disabilities, certain changes or accommodations are made. approximately of these accommodations are straightforward as testing the student in a smaller group, allowing the grass monitored breaks, allowing the student extra time to finish the assessment, or reading the directions or questions to the student. When small changes such as these mentioned are made, they are referred to as accommodations. However if changes such giving the student a different test, illuminating split of the test, or change the test in any way it is referred to as a modification and the assessment is no longer considered a standard test and is referred to as a non-standard test. When it comes to the element of measuring the assessmen t, the main finish to implementing accommodations is to better validate the information regarding the students and their disabilities. Testing consistency is implemented in order to increase the accuracy by getting rid of the immaterial variations for the testing between schools.For instance, if one school allows thirty minutes for a test and other allows an hour and a half, the longer test would be considered the diverge between the two. When it comes to students and their disabilities it is only fair that accommodations be made in order to make the test fair for everyone. For example, if a student has a profound vision problem then it would only make wizard to change the presentation of the test (larger print, recording), in order to show a much true result of what the student rattling knows, instead of not doing well simply because they cant see the text well enough. If accommodations arent standard then results will not be consistent and therefore we wont have an accurate snapshot of what the students actually know. A third problem that may arise when testing students with disabilities is the formulate, construction, and evaluations of the test. One circumstance that needs to be considered where testing is concerned is the design of the test.Some tests can be biased in one area where another assessment may be biased in another area. Some tests are designed to assess a certain group of students with analogous backgrounds and therefore are biased against those students who dont share a standardized background. While there are methods for dealing with bias are implemented, not all the methods are not equipped to detect bias toward students with disabilities. Systems used for assessing bias often insist on students being mated on some criterion measure of the structure of relevance. For example, if a middling criterion could be settled on for fifth graders in math proficiency, then the students without disabilities and students with disabilities co uld be matched together and then determine if the two sets of students were similar or different in the same areas.The second area of design that needs to be considered is the difficulty of the assessment itself. Often, most students with disabilities do not perform well on assessments. Furthermore, most assessments are too compound for students with disabilities, therefore often rendering results that are intimidating for students with disabilities and may also cause unfavorable reactions from their teachers. Some students may be nonverbal students and may not be about to write or say their answers, devising it impossible for them to par take in standardized tests. Many of the students with ID have a mixture of intelligence deficits and adaptive behavior that initiates their academic deficits. These deficits cant be the effect of a sensory impairment, a specific learning disability, or a behavior disorder, and would have to start showing systems before the child reaches school ag e.If a students cognitive deficit seems to be mild, then their deficit would resemble a wide-eyed disability with no specific area. The students who have been diagnosed with a specific learning disability will have functioning highs and lows. Students with intelligence disabilities have a difficult time across the curriculum as well as adaptive behavior. As time goes on there are more and more students who have to take standardized tests. This can be difficult for teachers, especially when it is almost impossible to accurately assess them and their progress. Some of the problems that total when assessing students with ID, is the classification and identification of students, deciding what accommodations or modifications should be used for each child, and if the test that is being administered is level appropriate for the students with disabilities.References1. Kortez, Daniel. Center for the Study of Evaluation. shed 1.1 Comparative Analyses of Current Assessment and Accountabilit y Systems/Strand 3 Daniel Koretz, interpret Director, CRESST/Harvard Graduate School of Education http//www.cse.ucla.edu/products/reports/TR587.pdf2. Centra, J. A., (1986). Handicapped student performance on the Scholastic Aptitude Test. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 19, 324-327.3. Clarizio, H. F., & Phillips, S. E. (1992). A comparison of grievous discrepancy formulae Implications for policy consultation. Journal of Educational and Psychological Consultation, 3, 55-68.

In the Lake of the Woods Essay Essay

In the Lake of the Woods is a non-linear novel by Tim O Brien that consists of the themes damage and insecurity. The protagonist of the text, prat Wade is driven into insanity due to his caution of losing the love of his life, Kathy. Throughout the novel, john Wades secrets are heart-to-heart to the world, this cosmos the reason that ended his career as a pol, which was the final exam push towards his madness. Wade was not only affected by his burst import in his career, except his childhood and experiences of war in Vietnam left wing him traumatized and receiveing despicable of love. backside begins to crave love at an untimely stage I his life, after he meets Kathy he develops an fixing for her and wrenchs open on her love. He faces many issues with Kathy, trust being the principal(prenominal) ane this could potentially be the reason for Johns breakdown of sanity. Although Kathy compete a large role in his life and downfall, there was a whole other(a) range of factors that took part in his fall to insanity.John Wade started off his career with a goal in mind, to become something important in the political world. As he progressed through his career, he became aware of the fact that his past could ruin what he was currently building. Wade, as a child learnt to deal with his problems by bottling them up and pretending secret code had happened this could not have happened. Therefore it did not John believes that if he lies to himself, and perpetually blocks out memories of his dirty past, he would be safe from the secrets. His method did not serve to his likings, as his secrets were exposed to the world despite Johns lies to himself. The secrets of his partaking in the massacre of Thuan Yen were exposed during his election, which levyd to be a career ender. John used his career as a politician to gain the love and affection he so deeply desired. festering up, he didnt receive the love he craved, you show me a politician and Ill show you an unhappy childhood. John losing the election was basically the loss of his source of love and his sense of power and meet. This potentially cloud John into insanity.As a child, John Wade suffered. He love his bring but didnt receive any affection in return. His father continuously teased john, referring to him as jiggling john. This makes John feel that if his own father could notlove him, then he was unworthy of love itself. At the young age of fourteen, Johns father committed suicide. This traumatized john and led to his desire to kill the night of his fathers funeral. He asked to kill his father for dying John was clearly provoke by his fathers death, but instead of venting his provoke in a healthy way, he pretended it didnt happen, It was pretending, but the pretending helped. As John grew older he enrolled with the army to charge up in the Vietnam War. He was registered with a group called Charlie company Unfortunately, John was knotted in the massacre of thuan yen, where he witnessed murder, torture and had a starting time hand experience in taking two lives, one being his mate PFC weatherby. This came venture to John as nightmares and flash gutss. He tried and true to forget and pretend it didnt happen but it all came back to him during his slumbers, the memories and guilt will alship canal be with john, in some way.The failed politician met Kathy in the autumn of 1966 at the university of Minnesota. Johns obsession is diaphanous from the very moment he meets Kathy. He is in love with her, and the frolic is to make her love him and never stop. John treats life as a fancy show, growing up, magic was his only friend, it gave him a sense of power, happiness and was the only thing going right in his life, as an adult John continues to use tricks to solve all of his problems. John, in a sense, manipulates Kathy and develops a fixation on her and doesnt stop at anything to start out out everything about her life. His urgency comes from fear he doesnt want to lose her. After his father committed suicide and in a way, abandoned John, he feels that at any moment Kathy can scarce get up and leave. Kathy had a tendency to simply vanish. She is ferociously independent which intimidated john because he felt that Kathy was too advantageously for him. John genuinely loves Kathy, but the way he represents their love is dreadful he compared their love to a pair of snakes hes seen on a trail near Pinkville, each snake eating the others tail, a bizarre circle of appetites that brought the heads closer and closer Thats how our love feels. This image, along with his desire crawl inside her belly indicates a love that is both obsessive and destructive. His need to control and consume Kathy dictates how his obsession for his wife leads to the loss of his sanity.Although Johns fear of losing Kathy is a main part of his downfall, there is a whole range of factors that lead to his mental breakdown. His fear of losing his wife all tr ails back to his childhood, where his first traumatizing experience takes place. When the fourteen year Olds father died, he was not languish in a normal way, It seems almost as if john lost the concept of having a father figure rather then his real(a) father. This becomes clearer when john remembers an idolized and great version of his father unlike the real one, who was continuously teasing John and suffered from alcoholism. John begins his life of pretence from this moment on thinking the pretending would help. As Wade develops into an adult, his ways never seem to change. During his time served in the Vietnam War, John is better know as sorcerer because of his magic tricks and deceit to the rest of his fellow soldiers. John, having started magic from a young age, continues to use it in his adulthood, providing him with a sense of control and power and during the time was fulfilling his craving for love. John takes part in a horrific act of massacring in Thuan yen where he kil ls two kind lives, and watches his fellow soldiers in Charlie company murder numerous people. This comes back to traumatize and haunt John, as Post traumatic stress disorder tends to do, it came back as flashbacks and nightmares. His infatuation with Kathy was a major part in Johns demise however, the various other components in the novel prove to have had an effect on his sanity.

Managerial Leadership role for Nurses’ Use of Research Evidence Essay

The rapid noniceable compound in healthc are slant coupled with passe-partout responsibilities of curbs to incorporate look into try out into their decisiveness making underscores the postulate to understand the factors involved in implementing separate-establish example. Linking electric current query findings with patients conditions, values, and circumstances is the defining feature of shew- base formula.Signifi squeeze outt and rational for exploitation register in recitation in care for fright Evidence-based practice (EBP) is an apostrophize to health perplexity where the outdo evidence possible is utilisationd in health passe-partouts to even off clinical decisions for mortal. It involves complex and conscientious decision-making based on the available evidence, patient characteristics, situations, and preferences( McKibbon, 1998). Evidence-based practice in nursing is defined as integration of the best evidence available, nursing expertness, and the values and preferences of the individuals, families and communities who are served (Sigma Theta Tau internationalist position statement on evidence-based practice February 2007 summary, 2008).The gist of evidence based health misgiving is the integration of individual clinical expertise with the best available external clinical evidence and the values and expectations of the patient. thither are different recourses of evidence which includes the following Research Evidence which refers to methodologic in in ally sound, clinically relevant look roughly the impressiveness and safety of interventions, the accuracy of estimation measures, the strength of causal relationships and the hail-effectiveness of nursing interventions.Patients Experiences and Preferences identification and consideration of patients experiences and preferences are central to evidence-based decision making. Patients may have varying views about their health carefulness options, depending on factors such as their condition private values and experiences, degree of aversion to risk, resources, availability of information, cultural beliefs, and family influences. clinical Expertise.AS the mixing of these different consumptions of evidence may be influenced by factors in the practice context such as available resources, practicecultures and norms guide on styles, and info management, we must consider the level of evidence while using the seek evidence to take the proper decision, look to appendix A which is re represent the level of evidence. (Haynes, Devereaux, & Guyatt, 2002 Sigma Theta Tau International position statement on evidence-based practice February 2007 summary, 2008).Evidence-based practice is a prominent issue in international health care which is intended to develop and make head manner an explicit and rational cover for clinical decision making that emphasizing the importance of incorporating the best research findings into clinical care to ensure the be st possible treatment and care derived from the best available evidence (E. Fineout-Overholt, Levin, & Melnyk, 2004) Once a newly research is completed new evidence comes into revive every day, technology advances, and patients present with unique challenges and personal experiences(Krainovich-Miller, Haber, Yost, & Jacobs, 2009).The nurse who bases practice on what was learned in basic nursing education soon becomes outdated, accordingly becomes dangerous. Patients are not safe if they do not receive care that is based on the best evidence available to assist them at the eon their demand a maturate, so all aspects of nursing, from education to management to bring patient care, should be based on the best evidence available at the time (Reavy & Tavernier, 2008). Through reviewing the literature in that location is a dramatically changing and go on in the technology, available body information and theatrical role of care fork outd, the rapid pace of change in healthcare del ivery coupled with professional responsibilities of nurses to incorporate research evidence into their provided care and decision making underscores the hold to understand the factors involved in implementing evidence-based practice (Bostrm, Ehrenberg, Gustavsson, & Wallin, 2009 Ellen Fineout-Overholt, Williamson, Kent, & Hutchinson, 2010 Gerrish, et al., 2011Gifford, Davies, Edwards, Griffin, & Lybanon, 2007). Before that nurses must original believe that basing their practice on the best evidence forget lead to the highest quality of care and outcomes for patients and their families(Ellen Fineout-Overholt, et al., 2010 Melnyk, et al., 2004). To let change occuring, on that point must be a clear vision, written goals, and a well-developed strategic plan, including strategies for overcoming anticipated barriers along the course of the change(Melnyk, et al., 2004). Emerging evidence indicates that the lead behaviors of nurse managers and administrators play an important persona in successfully utlizing research evidence into clinical nursing(Amabile, Schatzel, Moneta, & Kramer, 2004 Antrobus & Kitson, 1999 Gifford, et al., 2007).There is a consistency between many researches that clamethe importance role of the leadership and leadership factors such as represent and commitment of managers on the stave at the implication of EBP(Aitken, et al., 2011 Antrobus & Kitson, 1999 Melnyk, et al., 2004 Winch, Creedy, & Chaboyer, 2002). Nurse managers and administrators are trusty for the professional practice environments where nurses provide care, and are strategically positioned to enable nurses to persona research. As being a role impersonateling, administrators must be committed to provide the necessary resources such as EBP mentors, computers, and EBP education. Some administrators have tried to countenance a change to EBP by integrating EBP competencies into clinical promotions. However, Miller (2010) surround that this extrinsic motivational strategy i s unlikely to be as effective as when people are intrinsically motivated to change. Also there is a claimed that if people are involved in the strategic prep passage, they are more likely to change to EBP.Intervention protocol for promoting nurses respect to EBP As the Decision making in health care has changed dramatically, with nurses judge to make choices which based on the best available evidence and continually review them as new evidence comes to light (Pearson et al, 2007). Evidence-based practice involves the habituate of reliable, explicit and judicious evidence to make decisions about the care of individual patients. As an important role in providing safe and high quality care the nurses must take into account the quality of evidence, assessing the degree to which it meets the quatern principles of feasibility, appropriateness, meaningfulness and (Doody & Doody, 2011 Johnson, Gardner, Kelly, Maas, & McCloskey, 1991).What nurses need to operate in an evidence-based m anner, is to be aware of how to introduce, develop and adjudicate evidence-based practice. There more than one model for introducing the EBP in health care one of them that I chose is the Iowa model.The Iowa model foc handlings on validation and collaboration incorporating orchestrate use of research, along with other(a) types of evidence(Doody & Doody, 2011 Johnson, et al., 1991). Since its origin in 1994, it has been continually reference in nursing journal articles and extensively used in clinical research programmes. This model uses key triggers that can be either job centreed or knowledge focused, leading staff to psyche current nursing practices and whether care can be improved through and through with(predicate) the use of current research findings(Bauer, 2010 Doody & Doody, 2011 Johnson, et al., 1991 Titler, et al., 2001). By using Iowa baffle a motility is generated either from a problem or as a pass on of becoming aware of new knowledge. Then a determination is do about the question relevance to organizational priorities.If the question posed is relevant, then the next step is to determine if there is any evidence to issue the question. Once the evidence has been examined, if there is sufficient evidence, then a sail of the practice change is performed. If there is insufficient evidence, then the model offers that new evidence should be generated through research (Bauer, 2010). spirit one of the Iowa model is to formulate a question. The question if asked in a PICO format is easier to use to search the literature. A PICO format uses the following method to frame the question Frame question in PICO format P= Population of sideline I= Intervention C= Comparison of what you will do O= Outcome(Hoogendam, de Vries Robb, & Overbeke, 2012). The final step to the process is to share the outcomes of the practice change with other in the form of an article or poster. In using the Iowa model, there are seven steps to follow in detail as it is outlined in the figure shown in appendix B. Step 1 Selection of a topicIn selecting a topic for evidence-based practice, some(prenominal) factors need to be considered. These include the priority and magnitude of the problem, its act to all theatre of operationss of practice, its contribution to improving care, the availability of data and evidence in the problem area, the multidisciplinary nature of the problem, and the commitment of staff. Step 2 Forming a groupThe squad is responsible for development, implementation, and evaluation. The composition of the team should be directed by the chosen topic and include all interested stakeholders. The process of changing a specific area of practice will be assisted by specialist staff team members, who can provide input and attendant, and hold forth the practicality of guideline. A bottom-up approach to implementing evidence-based practice is essential as change is more successful when initiated by frontline practitioners, rat her than imposed by management. faculty support is in addition important. Without the necessary resources and managerial involvement, the team will not tonicity they have the authority to change care or the support from their organization to implement the change in practice. To develop evidence-based practice at unit level, the team should draw up written policies, procedures and guidelines that are evidence based. Interaction should take place between the organizations direct care providers and management such as nurse managers, to support these changes(Antrobus & Kitson, 1999 Cookson, 2005 Doody & Doody, 2011 Hughes, Duke, Bamford, & Moss, 2006). Step 3 Evidence retrievalEvidence should be retrieved through electronic databases such as Cinahl, Medline, Cochrane and up-to-date web site. Step 4 razing the evidenceTo grade the evidence, the team will address quality areas of the individual research and the strength of the body of evidence overall (see appendix A for level of evide nce). Step 5 Developing an Evidence-Based recitation (EBP) standard later on a critique of the literature, team members come together to set recommendations for practice. The type and strength of evidence used in practice demand to be and based in the consistency of replicated studies. The design of the studies and recommendations made should be based on identifiable benefits and risks to the patient.This sets the standard of practice guidelines, assessments, actions, and treatment as required. These will be based on the group decision, considering the relevance for practice, its feasibility, appropriateness, meaningfulness, and effectiveness for practice. To support evidence-based practice, guidelines should be devised for the patient group, health screening issues addressed, and policy and procedural guidelines devised spotlight frequency and areas of screening.Evidence-based practice is ideally a patient centered approach, which when employ is highly individualized. Step 6 I mplementing EPBFor implementation to occur, aspects such as written policy, procedures and guidelines that are evidence based need to be considered. There needs to be a direct interaction between the direct care providers, the organization, and its leadership roles (e.g. nurse managers) to support these changes. The evidence also needs to be diffused and should focus on its strengths and comprehend benefits, including the manner in which it is communicated. This can be achieved through in- inspection and repair education, audit and feedback provided by team members. Social and organizational factors can pretend implementation and there needs to be support and value pose on the integration of evidence into practice and the performance of research findings(Aitken, et al., 2011 Doody & Doody, 2011 Gerrish, et al., 2011 Reavy & Tavernier, 2008) Step 7 EvaluationEvaluation is essential to see the value and contribution of the evidence into practice. A baseline of the data forward i mplementation would benefit, as it would show how the evidence has contributed to patient care. Audit and feedback through the process of implementation should be conducted and support from leaders and the organization is necessary for success. Evaluation will highlight the programmes impact. Barriers also need to be identified. Information and skill deficit are coarse barriers to evidence-based practice.A lack of knowledge regarding the indications and contraindications, current recommendations, and guidelines or results of research, has the potential to cause nurses to feel they do not have sufficient training, skill or expertise to implement the change. Awareness of evidence must be emergence to promote the translation of evidence into practice . A useful method for identifying perceived barriers is the use of a force field analysis conducted by the team leader. Impact evaluation, which relates to the immediate effect of the intervention, should be carried out. However, some b enefits may solely become apparent after(prenominal) a considerable period of time. This is cognise as the sleep effect. On the contrary, the back-sliding effect could also occur where the intervention has a more or less immediate effect, which devolves over time.We must not to evaluatetoo late, to avoid missing the measures of the immediate impact. thus far if we do observe the early effect, we cannot assume it will last. Therefore, evaluation should be carried out at different periods during and following the intervention (Doody & Doody, 2011). treat leadership is an essential role for promoting evidence-based practice while the nurse managers and administrators are responsible for the professional practice environments where nurses provide care, are strategically positioned to enable nurses to use research. AS the leadership is essential for creating change for effective patient care the leadership behaviors are scathing in successfully influencing the stimulation, borrowi ng, and utilization of innovations in organizations (Antrobus & Kitson, 1999 Gifford, et al., 2007).From my perspective I consider that the leaders and managers are the corner cavity for utilizing researches and make practices based on evidence. By playing a role model for staff and handling the authority they have a dissimulation force to urges the staff to use evidence based in there practice. Leaders can encourage the staff to use EBP in their practice in several ways such as increase the staff awareness, stimulating the intrinsic motivation of people, implying an effort to increase the will and inner(a) desire to change through support encouragement, education, and appealing to a common purpose, monitoring performance, strengthen the body of knowledge that the staff have by forcing them to attend and participate in conferences, workshops & diary clups, giving rewards to staff who get together in finding, utilizing and applying the EBP and make promotion and appraisal accord ing to adhesiveness to application of EBP.Implication of EBPFor implementation to occur, aspects such as written policy, procedures and guidelines that are evidence based need to be considered. There needs to be a direct interaction between the direct care providers, the organization, and its leadership roles (e.g. nurse managers) to support these changes. The evidence also needs to be diffused and should focus on its strengths and perceived benefits, including the manner in which it is communicated. This can be achieved through in-service education, audit and feedback provided by team members. Social and organizational factors can affect implementation and there needs to be support and value placed on the integration ofevidence into practice and the application of research findings. There are many ways that can be used to progress to an environment to implement and sustain an area of EBP such as -Development of EBP champions drug abuse of EBP mentors Provision of resources such as time and money Creation of a culture and expectation related to EBP Use of practical strategies including EBP workgroups, journal hostel and nursing rounds (Aitken, et al., 2011). EBP is being used in every aspect of the life, curiously in the health care. The most common application of EBP is not precisely in intervention or treatment plane, but also the EBP process has been applied to making choices about diagnostic tests and protocols to insure thorough and dead on target diagnosis, selecting preventive or harm-reduction interventions or programs, determining the etiology of a rowdiness or illness, determining the course or progression of a trouble oneself or illness, determining the prevalence of symptoms as part of establishing or cultivation diagnostic criteria, completing economic decision-making about medical and companionable service programs.Nursing research proves pivotal to achieving Magnet recognition, yet the term research often evokes an hunch of mystery. Most of the policy, guidelines. And protocols that guide the work in the organization are based on evidance (Weeks & Satusky, 2005). Also, it is also useful to think of EBP as a much larger social purport. Drisko and Grady (2012) argue that at a macro-level, EBP is actively used by policy makers to shape service delivery and funding. EBP is impacting the kinds of interventions that agencies offer, and even shaping how supervision is done. EBP is establishing a hierarchy of research evidence that is privileging experimental research over other ways of knowing.There are other aspects of EBP beyond the core practice decision-making process that are re-shaping social work practice, social work education, and our clients lives. As such, it may be viewed as a public idea or a social movement at a macro level (Evidence-Based Practice Why Does It occasion?, 2012). Cost effectiveness of using EBP in health care expert outcomes of the implementation and use of evidence-based practice by sta ff nurses include increased ability to offer safe, cost-effective,and patient-specific interventions. Critical thinking skills and leadership abilities can also grow because of the use of evidence based practice it is a way for staff nurses to become involved in change and regain self-possession of their practice (Reavy & Tavernier, 2008). EBP used in clinical practice lead to make improvement in quality of provided care, which lead to improve the patients outcome, patient rejoicing and employee satisfaction.All these aspect are directly and indirectly lead to increase the cost effectiveness of the organization. When the patient satisfaction increased the patient acceptance to the organization increased, the employee satisfaction also increases and turnover will decrease all these things will increase the financial revenue to the organization. Also when using EBP in health care this will lead to decrease errors, complications and losses (e.g. conformation of evidence based infect ion control guidelines will lead to decrease incidence of infection, decrease length of stay an d decrease the cost of patient treatment), another example is using EBP to treat diabetic hindquarters will result in decreasing the loses and increases the satisfaction so adherence to EBP will be costly effective when it result in better outcome, quality of care and satisfaction. Sometimes using EBP in certain area is costly in such cases we must weighing the benefits ( immediately and after considered period of time) and make our decision based on the collected data and information.ReferencesAitken, L. M., Hackwood, B., Crouch, S., Clayton, S., West, N., Carney, D., et al. (2011). Creating an environment to implement and sustain evidence based practice A developmental process. Australian Critical Care, 24(4), 244-254. Amabile, T. M., Schatzel, E. A., Moneta, G. B., & Kramer, S. J. (2004). Leader behaviors and the work environment for creativeness Perceived leader support. The Leader ship Quarterly, 15(1), 5-32. Antrobus, S., & Kitson, A. (1999). Nursing leadership influencing and shaping health policy and nursing practice. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 29(3), 746-753. Bauer, C. (2010). Evidence Based PracticeDemystifying the Iowa Model Providing optimal care through promotion of professional standard, networking and development, 25(2). Bostrm, A.-M., Ehrenberg, A., Gustavsson, J. P., & Wallin, L. (2009). Registered nurses application of evidence-basedpractice a national survey. Journal Of Evaluation In Clinical Practice, 15(6), 1159-1163. Cookson, R. (2005). Evidence-based policy making in health care what it is and what it isnt. Journal Of health Services Research & Policy, 10(2), 118-121. Doody, C. M., & Doody, O. (2011). Introducing evidence into nursing practice using the IOWA model. British Journal of Nursing, 20(11), 661-664. Evidence-Based Practice Why Does It Matter? (2012). ISNA Bulletin, 39(1), 6-10. Fineout-Overholt, E., Levin, R. F., & Melnyk, B. M. (2004). Strategies for advancing evidence-based practice in clinical settings. Journal of the New York State Nurses Association, 35(2), 28-32. Fineout-Overholt, E.,Williamson, K. M., Kent, B., & Hutchinson, A. M. (2010). Teaching EBP strategies for achieving sustainable organizational change toward evidence-based practice. Worldviews On Evidence-Based Nursing / Sigma Theta Tau International, Honor Society Of Nursing, 7(1), 51-53. Gerrish, K., Guillaume, L., Kirshbaum, M., McDonnell, A., Tod, A., & Nolan, M. (2011). Factors influencing the contribution of mature practice nurses to promoting evidence-based practice among front-line nurses findings from a cross-sectional survey. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 67(5), 1079-1090. Gifford, W., Davies, B., Edwards, N., Griffin, P., & Lybanon, V. (2007). managerial leadership for nurses use of research evidence an integrative review of the literature. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 4(3), 126-145. Haynes, R. B.,Devereaux, P. J., & Guya tt, G. H. (2002). Clinical expertise in the era of evidence-based medicine and patient choice. ACP Journal Club, 136(2), A11-A14. Hoogendam, A., de Vries Robb, P. F., & Overbeke, A. J. P. M. (2012). Comparing patient characteristics, type of intervention, control, and outcome (PICO) queries with unguided searching a randomized controlled crossover trial. Journal Of The Medical Library Association JMLA, 100(2), 121-126. Hughes, F., Duke, J., Bamford, A., & Moss, C. (2006). Enhancing nursing leadership Through policy, politics, and strategic alliances. Nurse Leader, 4(2), 24-27. Johnson, M., Gardner, D., Kelly, K., Maas, M., & McCloskey, J. C. (1991). The Iowa Model a proposed model for nursing administration. Nursing Economic$, 9(4), 255-262. Krainovich-Miller, B., Haber, J., Yost, J., & Jacobs, S. K. (2009). Evidence-based practice challenge teaching critical appraisal of systematic reviews and clinical practice guidelines to graduate students. Journal of Nursing Education, 48(4), 1 86-195. Melnyk, B. M., Fineout-Overholt, E.,Feinstein, N. F., Li, H., Small, L., Wilcox, L., et al. (2004). Nurses perceived knowledge, beliefs, skills, and needs regarding evidence-based practice implications for accelerating the paradigm shift. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 1(3), 185-193. Reavy, K., & Tavernier, S. (2008). Nurses reclaiming ownership of their practice implementation of an evidence-based practice model and process. Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 39(4), 166-172. Sigma Theta Tau International position statement on evidence-based practice February 2007 summary. (2008). Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 5(2), 57-59. Titler, M. G., Kleiber, C., Steelman, V. J., Rakel, B. A., Budreau, G., Everett, C. L. Q., et al. (2001). The Iowa Model of Evidence-Based Practice to Promote Quality Care. Critical Care Nursing Clinics of sexual union America, 13(4), 497-509. Weeks, S. K., & Satusky, M. J. (2005). Demystifying nursing research to encourage complia nce with Magnet accreditation standards, further your knacks research initiatives. Nursing Management, 36(2), 42. Winch, S., Creedy, D., & Chaboyer, W. (2002). Governing nursing conduct the rise of evidence-based practice. Nursing Inquiry, 9(3), 156-161.

Alving in Search for Freedom Essay

Henrik Ibsens works are dealing with the soundly kept secrets and dogmas in society. His rounds strip away the defending layers of the established ethical and moral virtues of brotherly life and therefore create a considerable commotion and distress among the general public. Ibsens radical exposure of extremely tabooed themes such as sexually transmitted diseases, euthanasia, incest, dysfunctional marriages, and the angel of the home base role of women causes the painful response of the spectators facing the brightness of the truth. Prof. Bjorn Hemmer in his The dramatist Henrik Ibsen laconically summarizes the magnitude of Ibsens impact on modern star sign and social conventions However, drama was the taper of his real lyrical spirit.For a point of many hard years, he faced bitter opposition. But he finally triumphed over the conservatism and aesthetic prejudices of the contemporary critics and audiences. More than anyone, he gave theatrical art a new vitality by deliver y into European bourgeois drama an ethical gravity, a psychological depth, and a social significance which the theatre had lacked since the days of Shakespeare. In this manner, Ibsen strongly contributed to big(p) European drama a vitality and artistic quality same to the ancient Greek tragedies.Hedda Gabler and Ghosts are the two plays this essay will focus on and especially on the importance for the two protagonists-Hedda Gabler and Mrs. Alving- to defeat social constraints according to which they have structured their lives. The great dramatist Ibsen master fully reveals the mordant consequences on his heroines psyches and souls this social canon of conformity inflicts. Through the subtle play of light, language and stage position, Ibsen reinforces the tragic circumstance in which Hedda and Mrs. Alving exist, the mundane lamp and dungeon room furniture encapsulate the deep tragedy of gracious beingnesss and simultaneously stage Ibsens naturalistic talent in portraying lif e.In Hedda Gabler the elbow grease of the protagonists own pieces of furniture in the front and rachis room are emphasizing and helping even the spectator to tarry her following action. Hedda Gabler is the daughter of General Gabler, who bequeathed her no financial independence, but a pair of dueling pistols and anachronistic, severely strict military aristocratic code of demeanour and is newly married to the historian George Tesman, whom she neither loves nor respect. She is conscious of her total dependency on the very reliable Tesman and this acknowledgement tears apart her being with rage and helplessness. In order to be able to continue living under these circumstances Hedda viciously emphasizes her intellectual and rank superiority over Tesman and his ever-sacrificing Aunt Julia and hurts them through her highly sarcastic language.She denies in her mind dropping into the frame of the assigned female societal role and therefore slips fully into the indulgence of nothingnes s and boredom. This state could have remained for ever unchanged until the tart reintroduction of her former platonic lover Lovborg who becomes what before seemed to Hedda impossible, i.e. some goal in life to work toward.2 Ibsen confronts her with the reformed alcoholic and brainpower Eilert Lovborg and throws her back in the idyllic past of General Gabler reading a newspaper and her experiencing the forbidden world through the wild and seductive stories of offspring routhen Lovborg on the sofa behind him.Lovborg is back on his feet fighting for a clean starting in life and writing books that are a tremendous success. But Hedda is not the inspiring power at Lovborgs site anymore and that makes her extremely jealous of the woman who has such a positive power on him at the moment Mrs. Thea Elvsted and who is ironically a former flame of her husband. Hedda Gablers personality is a very tangled mixture of the severely installed in her being notions of correct behaviour in social a spect of rank and class belonging and the fully check personal fanciful potential.Hedda is lamed with fear her whole existence is driven not by the positive force of creating, but the devastating nihilistic old bag of fear and conventions of society. In order to contradict this haunting power of nicety and properness Hedda searches through Lovborg life experiences to live out her inborn human desires for creative fulfillment. But Hedda is a woman of good standing, she cannot do as she pleases, she can do as she pleases solely within the framework of the norms bring down by public opinion. Lovborg is only a feeble opportunity for her to read her creativity, because the fear of a scandal creeps in and Heddas creative potential and suppressed sexuality are distorted into a attack of malevolence.

Barbara Corcoran Effective leadership qualities Essay

Barbara Corcoran is an American businesswoman, consultant, investor, speaker, root and TV personality. She is the owner of $5 billion business The Corcoran multitude. She is know as virtuoso entrepreneur with a substantive story of rags to wealthiness. Barbara was born in the family 1949 in Edgewater, New Jersey. She graduated with a degree in Education from St. Thomas Aquinas College in the year 1971. Upon graduation, she got a teaching rent out which she did for about a year. Barbara was never colonised at teaching, so she quit and sought early(a) jobs. However, amours did not go as smooth as she had expected, as she had to quit one(a) job later the other. By the time she was 23, she had been in and out of more than 20 jobs. It is her last trial at jobs that would ultimately change her life completely, reservation her one of the richest women in America.After trying different odd jobs, Barbara felt up that she wanted to become her own boss. So she started a small real estate agency, dealing with brokering entry to vacant houses. However, this transformation needed sportds which she did not have at that moment. She asked for a loan of $century0. On one trip to see a vacant house with a client, things dark out for the best she had never imagined- the client became interested in purchasing the property rather than renting it. From the sale, she earned a commission of $3000 for the Corcoran-Simone partnership. This stirred her, giving her the idea to transform her business into more than just the permit of vacant houses, to include even property on sale. The business began to evoke, and the suspender was reaping considerable profits until Barbaras boyfriend, Simone, decided to quit the partnership after running away with Barbaras secretary and marrying her. The division ended in 1978, when she immediately founded The Corcoran Group.When Simone withdrew his shares, he mocked Barbara that she would never make it without him. This particular in cident promote her even the more to sound hard and prove him wrong. Her determination paid, with The Corcoran Group, the initiative female-owned realty hard in the Big Apple, expanding to a workforce of 7 agents and over $350,000 in revenue in just her first year. Corcoran Group thrived under Barbaras leading, thanks in large part to her unique(p) style. By the year 2006 when she decided to sell the company, The Corcoran Group was so big, with a staggering sales force of 850 agents and annual revenue approaching $100 million. It was sold at $66 million to NRT Inc.I chose Barbara Corcoran because her rise to the direct is outstanding, thanks to her exceptional leadership skills. Barbara motivates me to push on despite my meanspirited present- theirs is so much room up there My vision is to grow into one of the most celebrated leaders of my time, and she fit perfectly as a person who started with nothing and turned every small thing she got into something big.Her definition of leadership is quite unique. I never thought of it as leadership, barely I knew I wanted to be loved by the stack who worked for me, Corcoran says. I built the business exactly the way my obtain built and ran her family. I wanted a replication of the big, happy family I grew up in. I wanted happy people having bid, Barbara says (entrepreneur.com). She believes that leadership is making people feel they belong to the company like it was their family. That is how she enabled others to act, a feature discussed by Kouzes and Posner (2012). Barbara says, I found out that the more fun I created in the company, the more creative and innovative it became, she says. That was the big kahunathe fun piece. Thats what built that culture upside shinewardly and inside out. You got innovation. You got loyalty. You got people who would recruit for you. (entrepreneur.com) She effectively encourages the heart (Kouzes and Posner, 2012).Barbara Corcoran displays many qualities of a good leader. wiz unique is that she understands the value of other people she works with. Despite organism the boss, Barbara respected every worker in her firm and she let them bring out their tasks with a lot of trust and space. As she says, she never knew what the firms revenue was, having delegated accounting duties to Esther Kaplan, the first agent she brought in. Secondly, Barbara believes in honour workers for their exemplary performance. She personally put colored ribbons on those workers who performed well. Her rewarding quality became even more evident when she eventually rewarded Kaplans hard work with a 10 percent commission in the firm, allowing her to cash in when the firm was sold.Corcoran is a leader who models the way (Kouzes & Posner, 2012). She never sat down and let her agents do all the work. She continued to make sales herself, working(a) very hard. This encouraged her employees to develop a similar determined character. Barbara to a fault exercised her authority very str ictly. She gave all new employees a grace period of three months to make a first sale, sorrow to which they would leave the firm. The one-fifth leadership quality in Barbara is that she never let her past failures pull her down. In high school she scored Ds, but it never bothered her later in life. She was determined to move from one success to the other. Her undying spirit is a clear way of thought-provoking the process (Kouzes & Posner, 2012).However, it is not all that easy for Barbara she faces various problems as an investor in the New York realty market. While she is a popular investment consultant in the city, she admits that she has problems advising because other factors come into place. After selling her realty company, she was leftover with several buildings in the city these building are her source of income, beside other investments. For instance, the values of properties have plummeted and interest rates have gone down tremendously. This gives her problems in deci ding what to tell investor to do, especially because they look upon her success for guidance.ReferencesKouzes, J. M., & Posner, B. Z. (2012). The leadership challenge How to make extraordinary things happen in organizations. San Francisco, CA Jossey-Bass.Hann, C. (2014). Barbara Corcorans Leadership Style Rainbows and Steel-Toe Boots. Entrepreneur. Retrieved 15 August 2014, from http//www.entrepreneur.com/article/222798Source put down

Classical Management Theory

Classical instruction theory, for all(prenominal) its rationality and potential to mend efficacy, de human beingeised the practice of centering (Inkson & Kolb, 2001). Choosing either bureaucracy or scientific instruction, discuss this inverted comma and argue whether modern parentage continues to dehumanise. Peoples cin one caseption of the nature of work and the amicable relationships between individuals in divers(a) levels in organizations changed, brought by the industrial revolution of the late 1800s. Classical watchfulness believed in work specialization.That is, that work should be organized and divided check to ones specific individual skill. There are collar subfields of management, each with a slightly different emphasis scientific management, bureaucratic organisations and administrative principles (Wrege & Stoka, 1978). Using scientific management, we will explore the ways it dehumanise the practice of management. Firstly, by discussing its systematic shape up that was designed by Frederick Taylor, to solely purify productivity by reducing the amount of metre and effort needed in solving a labor.Secondly, by exploring how human needs and considerations were given minute or no regard. Then lastly, how the human relations question was formed and the ways it humanised the practice of management to lead what modern management is today. Scientific management was a systematic approach that was designed by Frederick Taylor, one of the original advocates of scientific management, to solely improve productivity by introducing a machine-like structure that reduced the amount of epoch and effort needed. His philosophy is encapsulated in his statement, In the past the man has been first.In the future, the system must be first (Wren, 1979). This task redesign was at the heart of the scientific management movement, and efforts to simplify job design reached its tip in the assembly-line production techniques that became popular in the earl y 1900s. It formed the posterior for what became kat oncen as the scientific management movement, and had the following characteristics Machine walk this was when the production rate was determined by the speed of the conveyor belt, not by the proletarians themselves. Task repetitiveness tasks were performed over and over during a atomic number 53 work shift.On auto assembly lines, for example, typical work cycles (that is, propagation allowed for completion of an entire piece of work) ranged from thirty seconds to one and a half(a) minutes. This means a worker performed the same task up to five hundred times a day. Next were low skill requirements jobs could be comfortably learnt and workers were easily replaced. Task specialization each job consisted of only a few operations. Limited hearty interaction was also a operator due to the speed of the assembly line, noise and physical separation.Finally, tools and techniques specified selected tools and techniques were depute by staff specialists (usually industrial engineers) to maximize efficiency. As you can see, organisations had machine-like structures, which increase a workers speed and expertise in one specialised area. It also reduced the amount of time spent on a task and the effort of teaching them a range of skills, which in turn helped the business achieve organizational productivity and efficiency. But buy doing so management lost its human side.Human needs and considerations of its workers were given little or no regard. Therefore Taylor felt the worker was, essentially, just part of a huge line of processes. Although the techniques led to an increase in sidetrack as substantially an increase in efficiency, problems with this new form of management began to arise. Firstly, it became more and more apparent that factors other than money had motivating potential for workers to increase output and efficiency. Second, managers became aware that many employees would work consistently without the need for close control and control.Lastly, some managers attempted job simplification techniques without having the need to increase give up when there was an increase in output. Its failure to deal with the social context and workers needs led to increased conflict between managers and employees (Samson & Daft, 2009), as wages fell behind productivity and as increased efficiency lead to cuts in the number of workers. Job fractionation lead to unofficial breaks, as people did not like their jobs. Workers reacted by refusing to co-operate, and unionization efforts and debase also became more common during this period.Over time, concern for improving workers attitudes arose and by the 1930s, behavioural scientists began looking at ways to unsex employees happier on the job. As we have just discussed, the benefits that arose from scientific management seemed outweighed by the multiple drawbacks we have just highlighted, relating the human needs and considerations of w orkers. Thus, the idea base on rationality and technique almost seemed to dehumanise the practice of management, through this statement Inkson & Kolb (2001) understood. This emphasis on the human factor in employee performance became known as the human relations movement.Management now realized that people wanted to feel useful and most-valuable at work. Attention moved away from scientific measurement of fractionation towards a better finding of the nature of interpersonal and group relations on the job. Motivation had taken a shift from the piece-rate approach to having a stronger social emphasis. Hardly a competent workman can be undercoat who does not devote a considerable amount of time to perusal just how slowly he can work and still convert his employer that he is going at a good pace (Taplin, 2006).This quote reflects the previous generally accepted mentality of the average worker, in that their sole motivation was money the human relations movement changed all of thi s. Workers wanted to be recognized as individuals and it was concluded that it was failure to treat employees as human beings was largely responsible for poor performance, low morale, high job turnover, absenteeism, among other problems. Because of these problems, an effort was made by managers to make employees feel important and involved.Morale surveys, for instance, became popular as an indicator within organizations, as well as departmental meetings and company newspapers. Supervisory training programmes were initiated to train managers in group dynamics. These were all attempts to help employees feel involved and important to the organisation. As you can see, scientific management, in all its rationality, had ultimately unhuman the practice of management to the point where scientific research was undertaken to better understand the worker and recognize them as individuals.From a modern point of view, the approaching of human relations has dramatically changed management techni ques today. Although it is constantly changing, two aspects from traditional theories of motivation continue. Firstly, the basic goal of management remained employee compliance with managerial authority. The major(ip) differences were the strategies for accomplishing this. Second, nothing has changed in regards to the nature of the job itself. Instead, nterpersonal strategies in the workplace were introduced in an effort to make employees more satisfied and ultimately more plenteous (Youngblood, 2000). For instance, seminars to improve management and group dynamics were given by businesses to their managers, except their job is still the same. That said, such efforts are aimed at better cause of human relations in the workplace, to improve employee morale and to recognize workers as individuals and the statement that modern business continue to dehumanise can no womb-to-tomb be justified.We have discussed the quote Classical management theory, for all its rationality and potenti al to improve efficiency, dehumanised the practice of management (Inkson & Kolb, 2001) and explored the philosophy of scientific management, which was an idea based on rationality and technique. It dehumanised the practice of management through a number of ways which we have explored in this essay. First, through its systematic approach designed by Frederick Taylor to solely improve productivity by reducing the amount of time and effort needed in solving a task.Second, by having little or no consideration for the needs of workers they were merely part of a machine. Although two traditional theories forming the basis of management remain, the human relations movement has greatly impacted management techniques and its entire philosophy. From a once fractionised system it has shifted to having a large social emphasis, forming what modern management is today. Therefore, scientific management without a doubt dehumanised the practice of management and the rock that modern business conti nue to dehumanise can no longer be supported.

Carrie Chapter Three

No, I wont, she secernate. florists chrysanthemum prescribes skinny missys dont. She looked strange for a slender girl, half sad and half self-righteous.I could just believe it, and the get-go thing that popped into my mind similarly popped right break of my m byh. I verbalise Well, Im a good girl. And doesnt your set about have breasts?She lowe inflammation her head and said something so softly I couldnt cop it. When I asked her to repeat it, she looked at me defiantly and said that her momma had been frightful when she do her and that was why she had them. She c tout ensembleed them dirtypillows, as if it was wholly ane newsworthiness.I couldnt believe it. I was comely dumbfounded. in that location was nonhing at all I could think to say. We just watchd at apiece some other, and what I wanted to do was grab that sad lesser scrap of a girl and miss away with her.And that was when Margaret blanched came out of her keystone admissionstep and saw us.For a minute she just goggled as if she couldnt believe it. Then she cleaned her mouth and whooped. Thats the ugliest unspoiled Ive ever face fungus in my look. It was similar the noise of a bull alligator would build up in a swamp. She just whooped. Rage. Comp allowe, insane rage. Her face went just as red as the side of a fire truck and she curve her hands into fists and whooped at the sky. She was move all all over. I thought she was having a stroke. Her face was all scrunched up, and it was a gargoyles face.I thought Carrie was pass to lightnesssome or die on the spot. She sucked in all her breath and that superficial face went a cottage-cheesy colour.Her mother yell CAAAARRIEEEEEEI jumped up and yelled tooshie Dont you yell at her that way You ought to be ashamed Something absurd identical that. I dont remember. Carrie started to go back and whence she stopped and past(prenominal) she started again, and just before she crossed over from our lawn to theirs she lo oked back at me and at that place was a look oh, d proveful. I cant say it. Wanting and hating and fearing and misery. As if life itself had fallen on her resembling st adepts, all at the age of three.My mother came out on the back stoop and her face just dead set(p) when she saw the child. And Margaret oh, she was screaming things about sluts and strumpets and the sins of the fathers universe visited however into the seventh generation. My idiom felt like a itty-bitty dried-up plant.For just a second Carrie stood swaying back and forth between the two yards, and therefore Margaret W knock againste looked upward and I swear sweet Jesus that cleaning woman bayed at the sky. And then she started to to hurt herself, scourge herself. She was small frying at her roll in the hay and cheeks, making red marks and scratches. She tore her go under.Carrie screamed out Momma and ran to her.Mrs White kind of squatted, like a frog, and her arms swooped wide open. I thought she w as going to baffle her and I screamed. The woman was grinning. Grinning and drooling right down her chin. Oh, I was sick. Jesus, I was so sick.She gathitherd her up and they went in. I turned tally my radiocommunication and I could hear her. Some of the words, that not all. You didnt have to hear all the words to notice what was going on. Praying and sobbing and screeching. Crazy sounds. And Margaret intercourse the detailed girl to get herself into her closet and pray. The critical girl shout out and screaming that she was sorry, she forgot. Then slide fastener. And my mother and I just looked at each other. I never saw Mom look so bad, not even when Dad died. She said The child- and that was all. We went inside.She gets up and goes to the window, a pretty woman in a yellow no-back liedress. Its almost like living it all over again, you k promptly, she says, not turning almost Im all riled up inside again. She express mirths a little and cradles her elbows in her palm s.Oh, she was so pretty. Youd never know from those pictures.Cars go by outside, back and forth, and I sit and wait for her to go on. She reminds me of a pole-vaulter eyeing the bar and wondering if its set too steep.My mother brewed us scotch tea. strong, with milk, the way she used to when I was tomboying virtually and someone would squeeze me in the nettle patch or Id fall off my bicycle. It was detes dining table and we drank it anyway, sitting across from each other in the kitchen nook. She was in some old housedress with the hem move down in back, and I was in my Whore of Babylon, two-piece swimsuit. I wanted to cry notwithstanding it was too real to cry about, not like the movies. Once when I was in New York I saw an old drunk steer a little girl in a blue dress by the hand. The girl had cried herself into a bloody nose. The drunk had goitre and his neck looked like an inner tube. on that point was a red bump in the middle of his forehead and a long white string on t he blue serge jacket he was wearing. Everyone kept going and coming because, if you did, then pretty soon you wouldnt pass them any more than. That was real, too.I wanted to articulate my mother that, and I was just opening my mouth to say it when the other thing go throughed the thing you want to hear about, I guess. There was a enlarged thump outside that make the glasses rattle in the china cabinet. It was a feeling as well as a sound, thick and solid, as if someone had just pushed an iron safe off the roof.She lights a new cigarette and begins to puff rapidly.I went to the window and looked out, exclusively I couldnt see anything. Then, when I was getting ready to turn or so, something else fell. The sun glittered on it. I thought it was a big glass existence for a second. Then it hit the edge of theWhites roof and shattered, and it wasnt glass at all. It was a big chunk of ice. I was going to turn around and tell Mom, and thats when they started to fall all at once, i n a lavish.They were falling on the Whites roof, on the back and front lawn, on the outside door to their cellar. That was a sheet-tin bulkhead, and when the first one hit it made a extensive bong noise, like a church bell. My mother and I twain screamed. We were clutching each other like a couple of girls in a thunderstorm.Then it stopped. There was no sound at all from their house. You could see the water from the melting ice trickling down their slate shingles in the sunshine. A great big hunk of ice was stuck in the cant over of the roof and their little chimney. The light on it was so bright that my look hurt to look at it.My mother started to ask me if it was over, and then Margaret screamed. The sound came to us very clearly. In a way it was worse than before, because there was terror in this one. Then there were clanging, banging sounds, as if she were rolling every pot and pan in the house at the girl.The back door slammed open and slammed closed. No one came out. Mo re screams. Mom said for me to offer the police further I couldnt move. I was stuck to the spot. Mr Kirk and his wife Virginia came out on their lawn to look. The Smiths, too. Pretty soon everyone on the street that was home had come out, even old Mrs Warwick from up the block, and she was deaf in one ear.Things started to crash and sound and break. Bottles, glasses, I dont know what all. And then the side window broke open and the kitchen table fell halfway finished. With God as my witness. It was a big mahogany thing and it took the screen with it and it must have weighed three deoxycytidine monophosphate pounds. How could a woman even a big woman throw that?I ask her if she is implying something.Im only telling you, she insists, suddenly distraught. Im not petition you to believe-She seems to catch her breath and then goes on flatlyThere was nothing for maybe five minutes. Water was dripping out of the gutters over there. And there was ice all over the Whites lawn. It was melting fast.She gives a short, chopping laugh and thatts her cigarette. wherefore not? It was August.She wanders aimlessly back towards the sofa, then veers away. Then the stones. Right out of the blue sky. Whistling and screaming like bombs. My mother cried out, What in the conjure up of and put her hands over her head. just I couldnt move. I watched it all and I couldnt move. It didnt matter anyway. They only fell on the Whites property.One of them hit a downspout and knocked it on to the lawn. Others punched holes right finished with(predicate) the roof and into the attic. The roof made a big cracking sound each condemnation one hit, and puffs of dust would squirt up. The ones that hit the ground made everything vibrate. You could feel them smash in your feet.Our china was tinkling and the fancy Welsh dresser was shaking and Moms teacup fell on the stem and broke.They made big pits in the Whites back lawn when they struck. Craters. Mrs White hired a junkman from acros s town to go-cart them away, and Jerry Smith from up the street paid him a buck to let him chip a piece of one. He took it to B.U. and they looked at it and said it was so-so(predicate) granite.One of the last ones hit a little table they had in their back yard and smashed it to pieces.But nothing, nothing that wasnt on their property was hit.She stops and turns from the window to look at me, and her face is haggard from call up all that. One hand plays forgetfully with her casually stylish buns haircut. Not much of it got into the local paper. By the time Billy Harris came around he reported the Chamberlain news she had already gotten the roof fixed, and when people told him the stones had bypast right through it, I think he thought we were wrench his leg.Nobody wants to believe it, not even now. You and all the people wholl read what you write volition wish they could laugh it of and call me just some other nut whos been out here in the sun too long. But it happened. The re were slews of people on the block who saw it happen, and it was just as real as that drunk leading the little girl with the bloody nose. And now theres this other thing. No one can laugh that of, either. Too many people are dead.And its not just on the Whites property any more.She smiles, only when theres not a drop of mental capacity in it. She says Ralph White was in for certaind, and Margaret got a lot of money when he died triple indemnity. He left the house insured, too, but she never got a cent of that. The damage was caused by an act of God. Poetic justice, huh?She laughs a little, but theres no humour in that, either Found scripted repeatedly on one page of a Ewen Consolidated High School notebook owned by Carrie WhiteEverybodys guessed/that baby cant be blessed/til she in conclusion sees that shes like all the rest Carrie went into the house and closed the door tooshie her. Bright daylight disappeared and was replaced by brown shadows, coolness, and the oppressiv e smell of talc powder. The only sound was the ticking of the Black timber cuckoo measure in the living room. Momma had gotten the cuckoo clock with Green Stamps. Once, in the sixth grade, Carrie had set out to ask Momma if Green Stamps werent sinful, but her nerve had failed her.She walked up the hall and put her coat in the closet. A luminous picture to a higher place the coat mouses limned a ghostly Jesus hovering grimly over a family seated at the kitchen table. Beneath was the caption ( as well as luminous) The undetected Guest.She went into the living room and stood in the middle of the faded, starting-to-be-threadbare rug. She closed her eyes and watched the little dots flash by in the darkness. Her headache thumped queasily behind her temples. Alone.Momma worked on the speed ironer and folder down at the Blue ornamentation Laundry in Chamberlain Centre. She had worked there since Carrie was five, when the compensation and insurance that had resulted from her fathers ac cident had begun to run out. Her hours were from seven-thirty in the morning until four in the afternoon. The laundry was Godless. Momma had told her so many times. The foreman, Mr Elton Mott, was especially Godless. Momma said that Satan had reserved a special blue corner of Hell for Elt, as he was called at the Blue Ribbon.Alone.She opened her eyes. The living room contained two chairs with straight backs. There was a sewing table with a light where Carrie sometimes made dresses in the evening while Momma tatted doilies and talked about The Coming. The Black Forest cuckoo clock was on the far wall.There were many ghostly pictures, but the one Carrie liked best was on the wall above her chair. It was Jesus leading lambs on a hill that was as kB and smooth as the Riverside golf course. The others were not as cool Jesus turning the money-changers from the temple, Moses throwing the Tablets down upon the worshippers of the golden calf, Thomas the Doubter place his hand on Christs wounded side (oh, the horrified fascination of that one and the nightmares it had given her as a girl), Noahs ark floating above the agonized, drowning sinners, herd and his family fleeing the great burning of Sodom and Gomorrah.On a small deal table there were a lamp and a stack of tracts. The top pamphlet showed a sinner (his spiritual status was obvious from the agonized expression on his face) trying to crawl beneath a large boulder. The title blared uncomplete shall the rock hide him ON THAT DAYBut the room was rattling dominated by a huge plaster crucifix on the far wall, fully four feet high. Momma had mail-ordered it special from St Louis. The Jesus impaled upon it was frozen(p) in a grotesque, muscle-straining rictus of pain, mouth drawn down in a groaning curve. His crown of thorns bled scarlet streams down temples and forehead. The eyes were turned up in a medieval expression of slanted agony. Both hands were also drenched with blood and the feet were nailed to a smal l plaster platform. This corpus had also given Carrie endless nightmares in which the mutilated Christ chased her through dream corridors, holding a mallet and nails, begging her to take up her cross and follow Him. Just lately these dreams had evolved into something less understandable but more sinister. The object did not seem to be murder but something even more awful.Alone.The pain in her legs and belly and privates had beat(p) away a little. She no longer thought she was bleeding to death. The word was menstruation, and all at once it seemed logical and inevitable. It was her Time of the Month. She titterd a strange, affrighted giggle in the solemn pipe downness of the flying room. It sounded like a quiz show. You too can win an all-expenses-paid trip to Bermuda on Time of the Month. same(p) the memory of the stones, the knowledge of menstruation seemed always to have been there, blocked but waiting.She turned and walked heavily upstairs. The bathroom had a wooden floor tha t had been scour nearly white (Cleanliness is next to Godliness) and a tub on claw feet. Rust stains dripped down the porcelain below the chrome spout, and there was no shower attachment. Momma said showers were sinful.Carrie went in, opened the towel cabinet, and began to hunt purposefully but carefully, not leaving anything out of place. Mommas eyes were sharp.The blue box was in the very back, behind the old towels they didnt use any more. There was a fuzzily silhouetted woman in a long, filmy gown on the side.She took one of the napkins out and looked at it curiously. She had blotted the lipstick she stuck into her purse quite openly with these once on a street corner. Now she remembered (or imagined she did) quizzical, shocked looks. Her face flamed. They had told her. The hit faded to a milky anger.She went into her tiny bedroom. There were many more religious pictures here, but there were more lambs and fewer scenes of righteous wrath. A Ewen pennant was tacked over the d resser. On the dresser itself was a Bible and a plastic Jesus that glowed in the dark.She undressed first her blouse, then her mean kneelength skirt, her slip, her girdle, her pettipants, her garter belt, her stockings, She looked at the pile of heavy clothes, their buttons and rubber, with an expression of fierce wretchedness. In the school library there was a stack of back issues of cardinal and often she leafed through them, pasting an expression of idiotic casualness on her face. The models looked so easy and smooth in their short, kicky skirts, pantyhose, and frilly underwear with patterns on them. Of course easy was one of Mommas pet words (she knew what Momma would say to a question) to describe them. And it would make her dreadfully self-conscious, she knew that. Naked, evil, blackened with the sin of exhibitionism, the play blowing lewdly up the backs of her legs, inciting lust. And she knew that they would know how she felt. They always did. They would embarrass her som ehow, push her savagely back into clowndom. It was their way.She could, she knew she could be(what)in another place. She was thick through the stem only because sometimes she felt so miserable, empty, bored, that the only way to replete that gaping, whistling hole was to eat and eat and eat-but she was not that thick through the middle. Her body chemistry would not allow her to go beyond a certain point. And she thought her legs were actually pretty, almost as pretty as Sue Snells or Vicky Hanscoms. She could be(what o what o what)could stop the chocolates and her pimples would go down. They always did. She could fix her hair. Buy pantyhose and blue and green tights. Make little skirts and dresses from Butterick and Simplicity patterns. The price of a bus ticket, a train ticket. She could be, could be, could beAlive.She unsnapped her heavy cotton bra and let it fall. Her breasts were milk-white, upright and smooth. The nipples were a light coffee colour. She ran her hands over th em and a little shiver went through her. Evil, bad, oh it was. Momma had told her there was Something. The Something was dangerous, ancient, unutterably evil. It could make you Feeble. Watch, Momma said. It comes at night. It will make you think of the evil that goes on in parking lots and roadhouses.But, though this was only nine-twenty in the morning, Carrie thought that the Something had come to her. She ran her hands over her breasts(dirtypillows)again, and the skin was cool but the nipples were hot and hard, and when she tweaked one it made her feel weak and dissolving. Yes, this was the Something.Her underpants were spotted with blood.Suddenly she felt that she must burst into tears, scream, or rip the Something out of her body whole and, beating, crush it, kill it.The napkin Miss Desjardin had fixed was already wilting and she changed it carefully, knowing how bad she was, how bad they were, how she hated them and herself. Only Momma was good. Momma had battled the Black Man and had vanquished him. Carrie had seen it happen in a dream. Momma had driven him out of the front door with a broom, and the Black Man had fled up Carlin Street into the night, his cloven feet hitting red sparks from the cement.Her momma had torn the Something out of herself and was pure.Carrie hated her.She caught a glance of her own face in the tiny mirror she had hung on the back of the door, a mirror with a cheap green plastic rim, good only for combing hair by.She hated her face, her dull, stupid, bovine face, the vapid eyes, the red, shiny pimples, the nests of black heads. She hated her face most of all.The reflection was suddenly cave in by a jagged, silvery crack. The mirror fell on the floor and shattered at her feet, leaving only the plastic ring to stare at her like a blinded eye.From Ogilvies Dictionary of Physic Phenomena psychokinesis is the ability to move objects or to cause changes in objects by intensity level of the mind. The phenomenon has most reliably b een reported in times of crisis or in stress situations, when automobiles have been levitated from pinned bodies or debris from collapsed buildings, etc.The phenomenon is often obscure with the work of poltergeists, which are playful spirits. It should be noted that poltergeists are stellar(a) beings of questionable reality, while telekinesis is thought to be an empiric get going of the mind, possibly electrochemical in nature When they had finished making love, as she slowly put her clothes in order in the back seat of Tommy Rosss 1963 Ford, Sue Snell found her thoughts turning back to Carrie White.It was Friday night and Tommy (who was hitherto looking pensively out the back window with his pants still down around his ankles the effect was comic but oddly endearing) had interpreted her bowling. That, of course, was a mutually accepted excuse. Fornication had been on their minds from the word go.She had been going out more or less steadily with Tommy ever since October (it was now May) and they had been lovers for only two weeks. Seven times, she amended. Tonight had been the seventh. There had been no fireworks yet, no bands playing Stars and Stripes Forever, but it had gotten a little better.The first time had hurt like hell. Her girl friends, Helen Shyres and Jeanne Gault, had both done It, and they both insure her that it only hurt for a minute like getting a shot of penicillin and then it was roses. But for Sue, the first time had been like being reamed out with a hoe handle. Tommy had confessed to her since, with a grin, that he had gotten the rubber on wrong, too.Tonight was only the second time she had begun to feel something like pleasure, and then it was over. Tommy had held out for as long as he could, but then it was just over. It seemed like an awful lot of rubbing for a little warmth.In the aftermath she felt low and melancholy, and her thoughts turned to Carrie in this light. A wave of remorse caught her with all emotional guards down, a nd when Tommy turned back from the popular opinion of Brickyard Rill, she was crying.Hey, he said, alarmed. Oh, hey. He held her clumsily.Its all right, she said still weeping. Its not you. I did a not-so-good thing today. I was just thinking of it.What? He patted the back of her neck gently.So she found herself launching into the story of that mornings incident, hardly believing it was herself she was listening to. Facing the thing frankly, she realized the main causa she had allowed Tommy to have her was because she was in(love? infatuation? didnt matter results were the same)with him, and now to put herself in this position-cohort in a nasty shower-room joke-was hardly the approved method to hook a fellow. And Tommy was, of course, public. As someone who had been Popular herself all her life, it had almost seemed written that she would meet and fall in love with someone as Popular as she. They were almost certain to be voted King and Queen of the senior high school Spring Ball , and the senior class had already voted them class couple for the yearbook. They had die a fixed star in the shifting firmament of the high schools relationships, the acknowledged Romeo and Juliet. And she knew with sudden hatefulness that there was one couple like them in every white suburban high school in America.And having something she had always longed for a sense of place, of security, of status she found that it carried uneasiness with it like a darker sister. It was not the way she had conceived it. There were dark things lumbering around their warm circle of light. The idea that she had let him fuck her(do you have to say it that way yes this time I do)simply because he was Popular, for instance. The fact that they pair together walking, or that she could look at their reflection in a store window and think. There goes a handsome couple. She was quite sure